Finally, squared partial correlations were made to see the contribution of the main variables considered in the model of PDSI. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to assess the statistical significance of interaction terms. We did not introduce anxiety in the social support multivariate model because it has strong collinearity with it. We adjusted for depression, anxiety, and variables that were statistically significant in previous analyses. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each of the dimensions of the PDQ-39, as well as for PDSI. To compare 3 or more groups, the test used was the ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The differences in quantitative variables between two groups were studied using Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon test depending on whether or not the expected frequency assumption was verified. The relationships between qualitative variables were assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies the latter were measured as percentages. Study Variablesĭata were processed using a Microsoft Excel database that was subsequently imported to R (R Development Core Team), version 3.4.4, for analysis. Later, patients completed the Beck-II, STAI, and PDQ-39 tests. The Hoenh and Yahr (H&Y) scale was also included. Subjects were questioned about demographic characteristics and medical history. Informed consent was obtained for each subject. Subjects younger than 18 years of age, with a score of less than 12 in the MMSE, unable to complete self-administered questionnaires, with difficulty writing and reading, with history of psychosis, and/or with an associated disease in terminal phase or receiving palliative treatment were excluded. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered as a brief screen for dementia. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. All of them were recruited from an association of patients (the “Asturias Parkinson Association”) during March 2017.
After screening, the final study population was composed of 95 subjects. One hundred and four subjects participated in the study. The study was done on a cohort of subjects diagnosed with PD according to UK Brain Bank criteria. These results suggest that physicians should pay attention to the presence of psychiatric symptoms and treat them appropriately. Anxiety was associated with the emotional well-being and bodily discomfort dimensions. All PDQ-39 dimensions except social support and bodily discomfort were associated with depression. Depression was the most influential variable in the model.
Higher motor dysfunction measured by Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging was also associated with worse HRQoL. Our results showed that depression and anxiety were negatively associated with HRQoL measured by PDSI. HRQoL was assessed using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) depression and anxiety were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Ninety-five community-based patients with PD diagnosis at different disease stages were studied. The objective of this study is to determine the association of depression and anxiety with the dimensions of HRQoL in subjects with PD enrolled in an association of patients. Depression and anxiety are common manifestations in PD and may be determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Information on this website does not guarantee that the developer / project is registered under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 or is compliant with the same, and the same should also be verified independently.Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms. Users of this website are hereby advised to exercise due diligence and to independently validate and verify all information about any property / project before deciding to purchase the same or taking any other action. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to constitute any sort of legal advise, solicitation, marketing, offer of sale, invitation to offer, invitation to acquire etc. Information regarding real estate projects (including the property / project detail, listings, floor area, location, price etc.) are either third party content or sourced from public sources. The details displayed on our website are for information purposes only. We do not in any way facilitate and cannot be deemed to be facilitating any transaction between seller / developer and the visitors / users of our website. only acts as a medium for advertisement / information content.
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